Company Blog

现代物理学中有一个经典的实验，即测量电阻上的热噪声电压，首次测量是由 John B. Johnson 于1926年在贝尔实验室中首次完成，并由 Harry Nyquist完成理论解释，因此热噪声又被称为Johnson噪声或者Johnson-Nyquist噪声。其本质来自于载流子的无规则热运动，这一实验也可以用作对于玻尔兹曼常量的计算，本实验将对于纯电阻器件进行测量其热噪声电压，并给出测量建议。

Chiral 1D edge states of the quantum anomalous Hall effect can be used as “optical fibers” for electrons. To gain a deeper understanding of their properties, the dispersion relation and the attenuation of edge excitations in the microwave regime can be investigated. In this blog post, we present measurements that were performed in the lab of Prof. Bocquillon using our SHFLI 8.5 GHz Lock-in Amplifier.

This blog post provides the answers to the questions asked by the audience during the webinar "Lock-in Amplifier or Boxcar Averager? Choosing the Right Measurement Tool for Periodic Signals”, and points to other helpful resources.

Do you want to use a Raspberry Pi to control your Zurich Instruments devices? Although instruments are traditionnaly hooked up to a measurement computer, some applications might require a computer with a smaller footprint or lower power requirement. This blog post will walk you through the necessary steps and help get you started.

In this tutorial, we learned how to use lock-in amplifiers and optimize measurement parameters to get the best signal-to-noise ratio. We discussed three common use cases: optics and photonics experiments, material characterization, and resonator characterization. Finally, we looked at more advanced techniques, such as double modulation and multi-frequency measurements.

Resonators with very high Q factor are notoriously complicated to lock because of the steep slope phase at resonance. Precise determination of phase setpoint and gains can be highly time consuming since very high frequency resolution is required. This blog explains how to optimize the PLL by starting with an educated guess and optimizing everything in closed-loop, which is much faster than conventional open-loop characterizations.

光学及光子学应用一直是锁相放大器诸多应用中及其重要的一部分，为此，我们在 8 月 15 日晚上7 点 30（北京时间）举办了一场关于在光学、光子学中应用锁相放大器的专题直播，这篇博文合并整理了直播中收到的观众问题并进行回答。

Any measurement resolution is limited by random fluctuations, "noise", of the measured quantities. Practical systems also might experience variations of parameters causing "drifts" in the measurements. Various sources of such noises and drifts may take different time or frequency dependencies. To understand how such fluctuations affect one's measurement, a careful analysis of such noise and drifts must be performed. Discrimination of such noise sources might be performed by performing Allan deviation measurement of discretely sample data. In this blog post, we discuss how to easily measure Allan variance with our Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifier.

Today, lock-in amplifiers are widespread instruments used to measure small signals buried in noise. Thanks to their versatility, they can be tailored to different experiments and address a large variety of applications...

Timing is extremely important to correlate the results from different experimental signals. In this blog post we will show how to work with timestamps from a Zurich Instruments lock-in amplifier when measuring multiple signals simultaneously.